How to Grow Kiwi Fruit in Illinois: Kitchen & Harvest – Complete How-To
If you’re an avid gardener living in Illinois, you might have wondered about the possibility of growing kiwi fruit. While this delectable fruit is often associated with warmer climates, it’s actually possible to cultivate kiwi vines in the Prairie State, provided you have the right growing conditions and approach. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the ins and outs of growing kiwi fruit in Illinois, from selecting the right varieties to harvesting and enjoying your homegrown bounty.
Choosing the Right Kiwi Varieties for Illinois
When it comes to growing kiwi in Illinois, the key is to select cold-hardy varieties that can withstand the state’s sometimes harsh winters. Two popular choices for the region are the hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta) and the Arctic Beauty kiwi (Actinidia kolomikta).
- Hardy Kiwi: The hardy kiwi, also known as the baby kiwi or cocktail kiwi, is a smaller but hardier cousin of the traditional fuzzy kiwifruit. These vines can tolerate temperatures as low as -25°F (-32°C) and thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 9, making them an excellent choice for Illinois gardeners.
- Arctic Beauty Kiwi: The Arctic Beauty kiwi is a stunning ornamental variety that not only produces edible fruit but also boasts stunning variegated foliage. This cultivar can handle temperatures as low as -40°F (-40°C) and is suitable for USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 8, making it a resilient option for Illinois growers.
When selecting your kiwi plants, be sure to choose both a male and a female vine to ensure pollination and fruit production. It’s also a good idea to consult with your local nursery or extension office to get recommendations for the best-performing varieties in your specific region of Illinois.
Site Selection and Planting
Kiwi vines require full sun exposure, well-drained soil, and protection from strong winds. Choose a site that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight per day and has rich, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8.
When it comes to planting, it’s best to do so in the spring, after the danger of frost has passed. Dig a hole that’s twice the width of the plant’s root ball and about the same depth. Gently loosen the roots and place the plant in the hole, backfilling with the original soil. Water thoroughly and mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Kiwi vines are vigorous growers and will require a sturdy support system, such as a trellis or pergola, to climb on. Be sure to provide adequate spacing between plants, as they can spread up to 20 feet wide and 30 feet tall at maturity.
Caring for Kiwi Vines in Illinois
Maintaining your kiwi vines in Illinois requires a bit of attention, but the effort is well worth it for the delicious fruit you’ll harvest.
Watering and Fertilizing
Kiwi vines are thirsty plants and require consistent moisture, especially during the growing season. Water your vines deeply, about 1-2 inches per week, and adjust as needed to account for rainfall. Avoid letting the soil dry out entirely, as this can lead to stress and reduced fruit production.
Fertilize your kiwi vines in early spring with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 formula. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of fruit production.
Pruning and Training
Proper pruning and training are essential for maintaining the health and productivity of your kiwi vines. In late winter or early spring, prune away any dead, damaged, or unproductive canes, leaving the strongest and most vigorous growth.
Train your kiwi vines to grow along a trellis or pergola, carefully guiding the new growth and tying the canes in place as needed. This not only helps to maximize sun exposure and air circulation but also makes it easier to manage and harvest the fruit.
Winter Protection
Illinois winters can be harsh, so it’s important to provide your kiwi vines with adequate winter protection. In late fall, after the leaves have fallen, wrap the lower portion of the vines with insulating material, such as burlap or straw, to protect the roots and crown from frost damage.
Additionally, you may need to cover the entire vine with a protective structure, such as a cold frame or small greenhouse, to shield it from the elements. This can help ensure your kiwi vines survive the winter and return with vigor in the spring.
Harvesting and Enjoying Homegrown Kiwi
The wait is finally over! Once your kiwi vines reach maturity, typically after 3-4 years, you’ll be rewarded with a bountiful harvest of delicious fruit.
Harvesting Kiwi
Kiwi fruit is typically ready to harvest in the fall, usually between September and October. The best time to pick your kiwi is when the fruit is fully ripe, but still firm to the touch. Gently twist and pull the fruit from the vine, being careful not to damage the tender skin.
After harvesting, store your kiwi in the refrigerator, where they can keep for up to four weeks. Kiwi fruit will continue to ripen off the vine, so you can enjoy them over an extended period.</
Culinary Uses for Kiwi Fruit
Now that you’ve harvested your homegrown kiwi, it’s time to get creative in the kitchen! Kiwi fruit is incredibly versatile and can be used in a variety of sweet and savory dishes.
Try adding sliced kiwi to salads, yogurt, and smoothies for a refreshing burst of flavor. Kiwi also makes a delightful addition to pies, tarts, and other desserts. If you have a surplus of kiwi, consider making jams, chutneys, or even kiwi wine or vinegar.
For a savory twist, use kiwi in marinades, salsas, and as a topping for grilled meats or fish. The fruit’s natural tartness and sweetness can help balance out rich, heavy dishes.
Conclusion
Growing kiwi fruit in Illinois may seem like a challenge, but with the right varieties, planting techniques, and ongoing care, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of this delicious and nutritious fruit. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you’ll be well on your way to becoming a successful kiwi grower, adding a unique and flavorful crop to your home garden.
So why not give kiwi cultivation a try? With a little patience and dedication, you can enjoy the taste of the tropics right in your own backyard, no matter where you live in the Prairie State.
